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The transition to driving on the "wrong" side of the road was not nearly as difficult as I had been led to believe – maybe because I’m left-handed and, as I’ve frequently been told, I think the wrong way anyway.
I found the Irish roads to be pretty well marked albeit poorly surfaced except for some of the national highways. Somewhat disconcerting is the fact that the distances marked on the signs jump between miles and kilometers. Newer signs use the former and older signs use the latter. Even so, I was able to find my way around fairly effortlessly. Admittedly, I got lost a few times but, in every case, those brief "detours" always led to a discovery of something I enjoyed finding. In Gaeltacht regions, it's a bit more difficult as the map is in English while the signs are in Irish.
The conditions range from divided motorways (expressways) to extremely narrow country roads – often on the same road!! As of January 2005, the speed limits in the Republic have changed. The speed limit on motorways is now 120 km/h or approximately 75 mph. On National roads (N routes) it is 100 km/h (approx 62 mph). Once you get off the main roads the speed limit becomes (50 mph) 80 km/h on regional and local roads though, on the winding country roads, you’ll be lucky to exceed 40 mph. In the towns and cities it is generally 50 km/h (30 mph) with lower limits imposed in designated areas near schools and other cautionary areas.
Although becoming more plentiful in the US, roundabouts and mini-roundabouts are used extensively throughout Ireland. The roads and streets are narrow - even the national roads - and there is not much room for two-way traffic. Often, the roads are unmarked and, as you will frequently find, the travelers must decide who has the right of way on occasions when only one car can pass. The presence of a bridge or a steep cliff raises the pucker factor especially if there are bicyclists or motorcyclists in the equations too. In many places there are areas that one car can pull off (called lay-bys) to let the other pass though one of you may have to back up. Double parking is the norm and triple parking is not uncommon. This doesn't leave much room for you. So, be careful. You will often find an oncoming car in your lane. Luckily, they will be driving slowly so it isn't all that unsafe - just a bit unsettling the first couple of times. On the narrower streets, people park on the sidewalks.
On those winding roads, you never know what’s around the next bend – a wide truck, a tour bus, a tractor, or an entire herd of livestock. I encountered cattle herds three times!!
The Irish use international symbols for their roads signs that can be rather entertaining at times. They also have some quaint terms such as traffic calming (whatever that means?) and no naked lights. And, for those of us who are not the brightest bulb in the lamp, many streets are marked to tell pedestrians which way to look for traffic.
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